Scientists state that the primary exposure to microplastics for humans occurs indoors. We spend most of our time in enclosed spaces, so we are likely underestimating the extent of this exposure. Microplastics are present in every room of a house, and their quantity depends on the type of synthetic materials in furniture and clothing, as well as the flooring material. Research has revealed that the highest concentration of microplastics is found in the lungs. Particles smaller than 20 micrometers can cause inflammation, while those under five micrometers can penetrate cells and accumulate in organs. Studies on animals have shown that inhaled microplastics reach the brain, spleen, testicles, liver, kidneys, and brain within three days, causing inflammation in multiple organs. "Fibers are the most harmful to health when inhaled," states Annelise Adrian, lead researcher of the WWF's plastic and materials science team. She explains that "the shape of the fibers promotes the retention of toxins". Fibrous microplastics can penetrate deep into the body, beyond the lungs, entering the bloodstream and lymphatic system, where they can interfere with cellular biology. Furthermore, longer fibers can persist in the body for longer periods. "Simply by using, sitting on, moving across, washing, and vacuuming them, all these mechanical forms of wear also generate microplastics," the article notes. Domestic dryers also damage fabrics, releasing microplastics into the air while operating. To reduce exposure, scientists recommend reconsidering the clothing and furniture we buy, as well as changing how we do laundry and clean our homes. For example, when using a washing machine, it is advised to install a filter to reduce the amount of microfibers in wastewater and to wash larger loads to reduce friction between garments. They also recommend choosing clothing made exclusively from natural fibers like cotton, wool, or linen, which break down in the body. When using a vacuum cleaner, it can suck up microplastics from floors and furniture, but it can also release particles into the air while cleaning, so wearing a protective mask is recommended. Air conditioners can also accumulate microplastics, which may be dispersed throughout the room during operation.
